Alaska, huge animals and some of the best fishing in the world.

.223, its got longer range than a .22 and does minimal damage to the hide.

I love walleye, but fried bluegill is my favorite.

If your catching fish with the bait you're using, just get bigger sizes of the bait. If you aren't,I've heard crayfish and salamander lures work their, as well as golden shiners.

This is going to sound sarcastic, but go where there is deer. You have a ton of time to preseason scout, and that will show you where there is deer. Since we don't know where you are at, ask some hunters in your area that you know for some help on where to set-up. Also, on the web there is many specific state hunting website. You can learn a lot about your local area through this.

Fish mostly shallows, and use a jerkbait, or a curly-tail grub.

150 yard shot would be extremely long for a slug, I would lean towards 60 at most with a 2 3/4 inch bullet. I used a 20 my first year, and it was fine for me, but i could have used a 12. My cousin who was smaller than me used a 12 ga his first year, and his shoulder wasn't to bad after shooting ten rounds through it.

You could take it to a local collectible items shop and they could probably tell you.